So far, we have only talked about the music-related motion
of performers.
But there are also several different types of motion
to be observed in people experiencing
music, the perceivers.
The main movement categories are the same, however.
Perceivers can also have sound-producing actions,
most notably when clapping during performances.
And this clapping is quite different,
dependent on the genre.
In the classical context, for example, the audience
typically clap at the beginning and at the end of the pieces.
In such a setting, the audience is not
expected to clap during the performance, not even
between certain parts.
This sometimes lead to some awkward situations
in which people may tend to shift
the positions between different parts, which in fact, may also
lead to some sounds being produced,
for example, chairs moving coughing, and so on.
In jazz settings, on the other hand,
audiences are expected to clap after solos.
While in the rock setting, the audience members
often make a lot of sound throughout
the entire performance.
For sound-accompanying motion there
are also some differences.
People attending classical concerts generally move little
but they always move and they often move in relation
to the musical sound.
Jazz audiences typically move in relation
to the pulse of the music, for example,
through foot tapping or head nodding.
While rock audiences may use their entire body and even
play air instruments.
A lot of movement is also the case
in club settings, in which the audiences typically
dance to the beat of the music.
So we have looked at many different types of movements
in a musical context, but Hans, are these different types
of movements-- how are they also related to how we communicate?
Well, I think when we communicate,
we also have a rhythm and we have a movement and a pattern
that we are responding to each other.
I'm nodding, for example.
When you talk to me.
I nod.
It's like a turn-taking between us.
Yeah, you could call it that.
That we respond in a rhythmical sense,
and we are back and forth.
It's a musical thing.
Yes, so to communicate is actually musical.
Oh, yes.
Well, let's just try to sum up.
As we have seen here, there are numerous types
of music-related body motion.
As music researchers, we have developed terminology
to describe the different types of motion
as precisely as possible.
This includes a clear distinction
between motion, action, and gesture,
and between different functional categories
such as sound-producing, sound-modifying
sound-accompanying and communicative movements.
In this video, we have mainly looked at individual examples.
Of course, the real musical world
is much more complex than this.
With all of these movement types being
combined and with multiple performers
and audience members interacting.
All of this we will look more at in the coming videos.