Syllabus/achievement requirements

Migration and health

To be announced

Health systems

Essential reading

World Health Organization (2007). Executive summary. In Everybody’s business: strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes. WHO’s framework for action. Geneva: WHO.

Berridge, V. (2000). History in public health: who needs it? The Lancet, 356(9245), 1923–1925.

World Health Organization. (2010). Executive summary. In Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. World Health Report. Geneva: WHO.

United Nations General Assembly. (2015). Goal 3. In Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages (p. 16–17). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015.

Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2017). All roads lead to universal health coverage. The Lancet Global Health, 5(9), e839–e840.

Iversen, T., Anell, A., Häkkinen, U., Kronborg, C., & Ólafsdóttir, T. (2016). Coordination of health care in the Nordic countries. Nordic Journal of Health Economics, 4(1), pp-41.

Storeng, K. T. (2014). The GAVI Alliance and the ‘Gates approach’to health system strengthening. Global Public Health, 9(8), 865–879.

Storeng, K. T., & Mishra, A. (2014). Politics and practices of global health: Critical ethnographies of health systems.

World Health Organization. (2015). Global strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030. Draft for consultation.

Røttingen, J.-A., Ottersen, T., Ablo, A., Arhin-Tenkorang, D., Benn, C., Elovainio, R., … Fonseca, L. E. (2014). Executive summary. In Shared Responsibilities for Health A Coherent Global Framework for Health Financing. London: Chatham House.

World Health Organization. (2014). Executive summary. In Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage: Final report of the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and Universal Health Coverage. Geneva: WHO.

Moon, S., Sridhar, D., Pate, M. A., Jha, A. K., Clinton, C., Delaunay, S., … Garrett, L. (2015). Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola. The Lancet, 386(10009), 2204–2221.

Ottersen, T., Hoffman, S. J., & Groux, G. (2016). Ebola Again Shows the International Health Regulations Are Broken: What Can Be Done Differently to Prepare for the Next Epidemic?. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 42(2–3), 356–392.

WHO (2007). The World Health Report 2007: A safer future: Global public health security in the 21st century. Geneva: WHO.

Levesque, J.-F., Harris, M. F., & Russell, G. (2013). Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. International Journal for Equity in Health, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-12-18

Irwin A, Scali E. Action on the social determinants of health: a historical perspective. Glob Public Health. 2007;2(3):235–56.

Supplementary readings

World Health Organization (2007). In Everybody’s business: strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes. WHO’s framework for action. Geneva: WHO.

Smith, R. D., & Hanson, K. (2012). What is a ‘health system’? Chapter 1 in Smith and Hanson (eds), Health systems in low-and middle-income countries: An economic and policy perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Smith, P. C. (2009). Introduction. Chapter 1.1. in Smith et al (eds),Performance measurement for health system improvement: experiences, challenges and prospects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

World Health Organization (2000). Health systems: improving performance. World Health Report. Geneva: WHO.

Birn, Anne-Emanuelle, Pillay Yogan, and Holtz Timothy H. (2017). Understanding and organizing health care systems. In Birn et al, Textbook of global health (pp. 477-528). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Barot, S. (2015). Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Indicators for the SDGs. New York: Guttmacher Institute. https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/srhr-indicators-post-2015-recommendations.pdf

World Health Organization. (2010). Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. World Health Report. Geneva: WHO.

Pablos-Mendez, A., Cavanaugh, K., & Ly, C. (2016). The New Era of Health Goals: Universal Health Coverage as a Pathway to the Sustainable Development Goals. Health Systems & Reform, 2(1), 15–17.

Cotlear, D., Nagpal, S., Smith, O., Tandon, A., & Cortez, R. (2015). Going universal: how 24 developing countries are implementing universal health coverage from the bottom up. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.

World Health Organization and World Bank. (2015). Tracking universal health coverage: first global monitoring report. Geneva: WHO.

Tschirhart, N., Nosten, F., & Foster, A. M. (2016). Access to free or low-cost tuberculosis treatment for migrants and refugees along the Thailand-Myanmar border in Tak province, Thailand. International Journal for Equity in Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0391-z

Braveman, P., & Gottlieb, L. (2014). The Social Determinants of Health: It’s Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes. Public Health Reports, 129(1_suppl2), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549141291S206

Buse, K., & Hawkes, S. (2015). Health in the sustainable development goals: ready for a paradigm shift? Globalization and Health, 11(1), 13.

Gopinathan, U., Watts, N., Hougendobler, D., Lefebvre, A., Cheung, A., Hoffman, S. J., & Røttingen, J.-A. (2015). Conceptual and institutional gaps: understanding how the WHO can become a more effective cross-sectoral collaborator. Globalization and Health, 11(1), 46.

Hauck, K., Martin, S., & Smith, P. (2016). Priorities for action on the social determinants of health: Empirical evidence on the strongest associations with life expectancy in 54 low-income countries, 1990–2012. Social Science & Medicine, 167, 88–98.

Marmot, M., Friel, S., Bell, R., Houweling, T. A., Taylor, S., & Commission on Social Determinants of Health. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. The Lancet, 372(9650), 1661–1669.

Melkas, T. (2013). Health in all policies as a priority in Finnish health policy: a case study on national health policy development. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 41(11_suppl), 3–28.

Ottersen, O. P., Dasgupta, J., Blouin, C., Buss, P., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Frenk, J., … Gyapong, J. (2014). The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change. The Lancet, 383(9917), 630–667.

Preda, A., & Voigt, K. (2015). The social determinants of health: Why should we care? The American Journal of Bioethics, 15(3), 25–36.

Rasanathan, K., Damji, N., Atsbeha, T., Drisse, M.-N. B., Davis, A., Dora, C., … Neira, M. (2015). Ensuring multisectoral action on the determinants of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in the post-2015 era. Bmj, 351, h4213.

Olsen, K. R., Anell, A., Häkkinen, U., Iversen, T., Ólafsdóttir, T., & Sutton, M. (2016). General practice in the Nordic countries. Nordic Journal of Health Economics, 4(1), pp-56.

Prince, R. J., & Otieno, P. (2014). In the shadowlands of global health: observations from health

Tulenko, K., Mgedal, S., Afzal, M. M., Frymus, D., Oshin, A., Pate, M., … Zodpey, S. (2013). Community health workers for universal health-care coverage: from fragmentation to synergy. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(11), 847–852.

Campbell, J., Buchan, J., Cometto, G., David, B., Dussault, G., Fogstad, H., … Pablos-Méndez, A. (2013). Human resources for health and universal health coverage: fostering equity and effective coverage. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(11), 853–863.

Røttingen et al. (2014). Shared responsibilities for health: a coherent global framework for health financing. London: Chatham House.

World Health Organization. (2014). Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage: Final report of the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and Universal Health Coverage. Geneva: WHO.

Chalkidou, K., Glassman, A., Marten, R., Vega, J., Teerawattananon, Y., Tritasavit, N., … Hofman, K. (2016). Priority-setting for achieving universal health coverage. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(6), 462.

World Health Organization. (2010). Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. World Health Report. Geneva: WHO.

World Health Organization. (2016). Public Financing for Health in Africa: from Abuja to the SDGs. Geneva: WHO.

World Health Organization and World Bank. (2015). Tracking universal health coverage: first global monitoring report. Geneva: WHO

Ottersen, T., Hoffman, S. J., & Groux, G. (2016). Ebola Again Shows the International Health Regulations Are Broken: What Can Be Done Differently to Prepare for the Next Epidemic?. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 42(2–3), 356–392.

Bolkan, H. A., Bash-Taqi, D. A., Samai, M., Gerdin, M., & von Schreeb, J. (2014). Ebola and indirect effects on health service function in Sierra Leone. PLoS Currents, 6.

Sources for country studies

Cotlear, D., Nagpal, S., Smith, O., Tandon, A., & Cortez, R. (2015). Going universal: how 24 developing countries are implementing universal health coverage from the bottom up. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.Universal health coverage study series. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/publication/universalhealth-coverage-study-series.

Joint learning network for universal health coverage. http://www.jointlearningnetwork.org/resources

Global Network for Health Equity. UHC assessments. http://gnhe.org/blog/uhc-assessments/

Atun, R., De Andrade, L. O. M., Almeida, G., Cotlear, D., Dmytraczenko, T., Frenz, P., … Muntaner, C. (2015). Health-system reform and universal health coverage in Latin America. The Lancet, 385(9974), 1230–1247.

Medicines in a Global Society: Patients, Pills, Policies and Profits

Required literature:

Global Pharmaceutical Policy

Newton, P. & al (2011): The Primacy of Public Health Considerations in Defining Poor Quality Medicines. PLoS Medicine Volume 8 issue 12.

Tabernero P, Fernández FM, Green M, Guerin PJ, Newton PN. Mind the gaps--the epidemiology of poor-quality anti-malarials in the malarious world--analysis of the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network database. Malar J. 2014 Apr 8;13:139. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-139.

Pedrique B et al. The drug and vaccine landscape for neglected diseases (2000-11): a systematic assessment. Lancet Glob Health. 2013 Dec;1(6):e371-9. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70078-0.

High cost of new drugs. Regulatory agencies should engage in drug pricing. BMJ 2016; 354 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4524

Adherence

Ryan, R, Hill, S &al (2014): Interventions to improve safe and effective medicines use by consumers: An overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane database. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007768.pub3 · Source: PubMed

Jin J, Sklar GE, Min Sen Oh V, Chuen Li S. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient's perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008; 4: 269-86.

Gillespie, H; Kelly, M; Duggan, S and Dornan, T (2017): How do patients experience caring? Scoping review. Patient Education and Counseling 100; 1622-1633 NB students: This is a very recent and excellent article – NOT REQUIRED but highly recommended, therefore noted on this priority list!

Teaching the public

Chetley, A & al (2007): How to improve the use of Medicines by consumers. Chapters 1 and 2. Chapter 5 can be recommended reading.

Peter Maguire, Carolyn Pitceathly (2002): Clinical Review: Key Communication skills and how to acquire them. BMJ Volume 325, pp 697-700

Educating patients about medications: Editorial, Patient Education and Counseling 83, 2011

Use of traditional medicines

Nordeng H, Al-Zayadi W, Diallo D, Ballo N, Paulsen BS. Traditional medicine practitioners' knowledge and views on treatment of pregnant women in three regions of Mali. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013 Sep 17;9(1):67.

WHO: Traditional and complimentary medicine policy (chapter available on Fronter)

MacKinney TG, Soti KR, Shrestha P, Basnyat B. Camphor: an herbal medicine causing grand mal seizures. BMJ Case Rep 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-209101

Falsified medicines

Newton et al. Falsified medicines in Africa: all talk, no action. The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 9, Pages e509 - e510. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70279-7

Bassat t al. Combating poor-quality anti-malarial medicines: a call to action. Malaria Journal201615:302. DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1357-8

Essential drugs and drug pricing

The selection of essential medicines. WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines. no. 4, 2002. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_EDM_2002.2.pdf

Gender and medicine

Wagner AK, Graves AJ, Fan Z, Walker S, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D. Need for and access to health care and medicines: are there gender inequities? PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57228.

Recommended literature:

1. MacKinney TG et al. Camphor: an herbal medicine causing grand mal seizures. BMJ Case Rep 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-209101
2. World Health Organization (WHO), 2013a. WHO traditional medicine strategy 2014 - 2023. http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/traditional/trm_strategy14_23/en/ Chapter 3: Global review of T&CM
3. Dukes, G. (2005). A sketch of the Pharmaceutical Industry and its products. The Law and Ethics of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Elsevier.
4. Dukes, G. (2005). Pharmaceutical Pricing and Products. The Law and Ethics of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Elsevier.
5. Nsimba, S.E.D, Trunde, H, Comoro, C (2010): Barriers to ARV Adherence among HIV/AIDS Positive Persons taking Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Two Tanzanian Regions 8-12 months after program Initiation. Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research.
6. Chetley, A & al (2007): How to improve the use of Medicines by consumers. Chapter 5
7. Newton, P & al (2011): Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa – an urgent neglected public health priority. Malaria Journal 10.352
8. Newton, P & al (2008): A Collaborative Epidemiological Investigation into the Criminal Fake Artesunate Trade in South East Asia.  PLoS Medicine Volume 5 issue 2. http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0050032
9. Keshet, Y (2009): The untenable boundaries of biomedical knowledge: Epistemologies and rhetoric strategies in the debate over evaluating complementary and alternative medicine. Sage Health: An Interdisciplinary journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine
10. 2011: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical aspects. Chapter 22: Integration of herbal medicine into evidence based clinical practice. ? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92760/
11. Homede N and Ugalde A. Review article: patients' compliance with medical treatments in the third world. What do we know? Health Politics and Planning. 1993; 8:291-314.
12. Laing, R.O, Hogerzeil, H.V, Ross-Degnan, D (2001): Ten recommendations to improve use of medicines in developing countries. Health Policy and Planning; 16(1): 13–20
13. Le Grand A; Hogerzeil HV, and Haaijer-Ruskamp FM. Intervention research in rational use of drugs: a review. Health Politics and Planning. 1999; 14:89-102.
14. Marsh, V. M.; Mutemi, W. M.; Muturi, J.; Haaland, A.; Watkins, W. M.; Otieno, G., and Marsh, K. Changing home treatment of childhood fevers by training shop keepers in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health. 1999 May; 4(5):383-9.
15. Ross-Degnan, D.; Soumerai, S. B.; Goel, P. K.; Bates, J.; Makhulo, J.; Dondi, N.; Sutoto; Adi, D.; Ferraz-Tabor, L., and Hogan, R. The impact of face-to-face educational outreach on diarrhoea treatment in pharmacies. Health Policy Plan. 1996 Sep; 11(3):308-18.
16. Make medicines child size http://www.who.int/childmedicines/en/, info and debate on the need to focus on pediatric formulations for children. Article on the introduction of this initiative in “Health Exchange”: http://healthexchangenews.com/2010/03/24/why-we-need-better-medicines-for-children-a-paediatricians-perspective/
17. MSF urges Prime Minister Modi to resist US political pressure to restrict global access to medicines. http://www.msfaccess.org/about-us/media-room/press-releases/msf-urges-prime-minister-modi-resist-us-political-pressure
18. WHO's policy papers: Short overviews of essential medicines and patents
    http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/WHO_EDM_2004.4.pdf
19. HAIs Country working papers http://www.haiweb.org/02_focus_CountryWorkingPapers.html
20. Stavropoulou, C (2011): Non-adherence to medication and doctor–patient relationship: Evidence from a European survey. Patient Education and Counseling 83, 7–13
21. Dowse, R and Ehlers, M (2005): Medicine labels incorporating pictograms: do they influence understanding and adherence? Patient Education and Counseling 58; 63–70
22. Mann, K, Gordon, J and Mac Leod, A (2009): Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: A systematic review. Advances in Health Science Education 14, pp 595-621.
23. Schneider, T.R, Lyons, J.B, Khazon, S (2013): Emotional intelligence and resilience. Personality and Individual Differences 55, 909–914
24. Houts, P.S, Doak, C.C, Doak, L.G., Loscalzo, M.J (2006): The role of pictures in improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence. Patient Education and Counseling, Vol. 61, Issue 2, p173–190