SOSANT 2510: NATUR OG SAMFUNN
Formål: Foruten en grunnleggende innføring i antropologiske perspektiver på forholdet mellom mennesker og natur (hvor det vil bli lagt vekt på forholdet mellom natur som en kulturell kontruksjon og natur som noe fysisk konkret), vil studentene gjennom de valgte temaene presenteres for sentrale antropologiske spørsmål som rasjonalitet, relativisme og representasjon.
Kurset består av to komponenter. En faghistorisk del vil ta opp de viktigste perspektivene som har preget antropologiske studier av vårt forhold til natur: fra naturdeterminisme og kulturøkologi til strukturalisme og fenomenologi. Den andre delen tar, med utgangspunkt i ulike natursyn, for seg temaer og debatter som er sentrale ikke bare innen feltet natur og samfunn men innen antropologien generelt:
natur versus kultur (her vil vi trekke inn debattene om dualisme/monisme og om kjønn i forhold til natur/kultur)
oppfatninger av risiko og kausalitet
lokal kunnskap (inkl. indigenous knowledge) versus vitenskap
representasjoner av de andre - the noble/ignoble savage
Bøker merket med @ må kjøpes på Akademika eller lånes på biblioteket
DEL 1: FAGHISTORIE
Faghistorisk presentasjoner:
@Moran, Emilio F. : Human adaptability: An introduction to ecological anthropology, 2000. Colorado: Westview Press. (kap.1,2,3,+10 = ca.100 sider.).
Artikler
Franklin, Adrian. : "A New Anthropology of Nature" Kap. 4 i Nature & Social Theory, 2002. London: SAGE. pp 60-82 (23 sider).
Barth, Fredrik : Ecologic Relationships of Etnic Groups in Swat, North Pakistan, 1956. American Anthropologist, Vol.58. pp 1079-1089 (11 sider).
Conklin, Harold. : An ethnoecological approach to shifting agriculture, Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2nd series, Vol. 17:133-142. Opptrykket I A.P.Vayda (ed): Environment and Cultural Behavior, 1969 (1954). New York: Natural History Press. pp 221-233 (13 sider) .
Douglas, Mary.: Anomalous animals and animal Metaphors. Kap.6 I Thought Styles, 1996. London: Sage Publication. pp. 126-144. (19 sider).
Ingold, Tim . : The temporality of the landscape Kap. 11 i The Perception of the Environment, 2000. London: Routledge. pp. 189-208 (20 sider).
Okely, Judith. : Visualism and Landscape: Looking and Seeing in Normandy , 2001. Etnos 66(1). pp 99-120. (22 sider).
Pálsson, Gísli : Enskilment at Sea, 1994. Man 29(4). pp 901-927 (27 sider).
Rappaport, Roy A. : The Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations among a New Guinea People i Ecology, Meaning and Religion, 1979. North Atlantic Books. pp 27-42. (16 sider).
Steward, Julian : The Great Basin Shoshonean Indians. An Example of a Family Level of Sociocultural Integration, in Theory of Cultural Change, 1955. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp 310-330 (21 sider).
DEL 2: TEMAER & DEBATTER
1. Natur versus kultur
Howell, Signe: Nature in culture or culture in nature? Chewong ideas of `humans and other species. I P. Descola & G. Pálsson (red), Nature and society, anthropological perspectives, 1996. London: Routledge. pp.127-144 (18 sider).
Kalland, Arne & Pamela Asquith. : Japanese perceptions of nature: Ideals and illusions. I P. Asquith & A. Kalland (red), Japanese images of nature. Cultural perspectives, 1997. London: Curzon Press. pp.1-35 (35 sider).
Ortner, S. B. : Is female to male as nature to culture? in M.Z. Rosaldo & L. Lamphere (eds): Woman, culture and society, 1974. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp.67-87 (21 sider).
Strathern, Marilyn. : No nature, no culture: the Hagen case kap. 8 i C. MacCormack & M. Strathern (eds): Nature, Culture and Gender, 1980. Cambridge: Cambridge Univerity Press. pp.174-222 (49 sider).
Merchant, Caroline. : Ecofeminism kap.8 i Radical Ecology , 1992. London & New York: Routledge. pp.183-210 (28 sider).
2. Risiko og kausalitet. Lokal kunnskap versus vitenskap
Agrawal, Arun: Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge, 1995. Development and Change 26. pp. 413-439 (27 sider).
Douglas, Mary & Aaron Wildavsky (eds) : Risk and culture. An essay on the selection of technological and environmental dangers, 1983. Berkeley: University of California Press. Kap.1 (16 sider).
Freeman, Milton M.R. : Appeal to tradition: Different perspectives on Arctic wildlife management. In J. Brøsted, J. Dahl, A. Gray, H.C. Gulløv, G. Henriksen, J.B. Jørgensen and I. Kleivan (eds), Native Power. The Quest for Autonomy and Nationhood of Indigenous Peoples, 1985. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget . pp.265-281 (17 sider).
Gold, Byron J. : "Medicine, rationality, and experience" kap. 1 i Medical anthropology and the problem of belief, 1994. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.1-24 (24 sider).
Luhrmann, Tanya. : The resurgence of romanticism: i K. Milton (red): Environmentalism: the view from anthropology, 1993. London:Routledge. pp.219-232 (14 sider).
Shaw, Rosalind. : `Nature, `culture and disasters. Floods and gender in Bangladesh, i E. Croll & D. Parkin (eds): Bush base, forest farm: culture, environment and development., 1992. London: Routledge. pp.200-217 (18 sider).
van Ginkel, Rob: . Pigs, priests and other puzzles: Fisherman's taboos in anthropological perspective." , Ethnologica Europaea 17. pp. 57-68 (12 sider).
3. Representasjoner av de andre the noble savage
Brosius, J. Peter : Endangered Forest, Endangered People: Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge in R. Ellen, P. Parkes & A. Bicker (eds) Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and its Transformation. Critical Anthropological Perspective , 2000. Harwood Academic Publishers. pp.293-317 (24 sider).
Edgerton, R.B. : Paradise Lost. kap.1 i Sick societies: challenging the myth of primitive harmony, 1992. New York: Free Press. pp.1-15 (15 sider).
Headland, Thomas N.: Revisionism in ecological anthropology. , 1997. nthropology 38 (4). pp. 605 - 630 (26 sider).
Monografier (to velges)
Gold, Ann Grodzins & Bhoju Ram Gujar. : In the time of trees and sorrows. Nature, power, and memory in Rajasthan, 2002. Durham and London: Duke University Press. (403 sider).
Griffith, David. : The Estuary`s Gift, 1999. PennsylvaniaThe Pennsylvania State University Press. (190 sider).
Henriksen, Georg : Hunters in the Barrens: the Naskapi on the edge of the white man´s world , 1973. Memorial University of Newfoundland. (130 sider).
Kawagley, A. Oscar: A Yupiaq Worldview. A pathway to ecology and spirit. Prospect Heights, Il., 1995. Waveland Press. (166 sider).
Turnbull, Colin: The Mbuti Pygmies; Change and Adaption, 1983. Wadsworth Publishing . (161 sider).
Anbefalt litteratur:
Bech, Ulrich. : Ecological Enlightment. Essays on the politics of the risk society (kap.5), 1995. New York: Humanities Press . pp. 77-88 (12 sider. ).
Bird-David, Nurit. : `Animism revisited. Personhood, environment, and relational epistemology, 1999. Current Anthropology Vol.40 (Supplement). pp. 67-79 (13 sider).
Broch, Harald Beyer: Den økologiske `harmonimodell' sett i lyset av jegere og sankere, eller de såkalte naturfolk, 1977. Naturen, No.3. s 243-247 (5 sider).
Ellen, Roy F. : What Black Elk left unsaid: On illusory images of Green primitivism , 1986. Anthropology Today 2 (4). pp. 8-12 (5 sider).
Hinchliffe, S. og K. Woodward (red): The natural and the social: uncertainty, risk, change, 2000. London, New York: Routledge. (150 sider) .
Hviding, Edvard: Nature, culture, magic, science: On meta-language for comparison in cultural ecology. I P. Descola & G. Pálsson (red), Nature and society, anthropological perspectives, 1996. London: Routledge. pp.165-184 (20 sider).
James, Allison : Eating Green discourses of organic food, i K. Milton (red), Environmentalism: the view from anthropology, 1993. London:Routledge. pp.205-218 (13 sider).
Kalland, Arne: Indigenous knowledge: Prospects and limitations, kap. 11 i R. Ellen, P. Parkes & A. Bicher (eds): Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and its Transformations , 2000. Harwood Academic Publishers . pp.319-335 (17 sider).
MacCormack, Carol P. : Introduction, i C. MacCormack & M. Strathern (eds): Nature, Culture and Gender, 1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.1-24 (24 sider).
Redford, Kent H. : The ecologically noble savage, 1990. Cultural Survival Quarterly 15(1). pp. 46-48 (3 sider).
Sahlins, Marshall : The Original Affluent Society Kap.1 i Sahlins, M. Stone Age Economics , 1972. Chicago: Aldine. pp.1-39 (39 sider).
Sponsel, Leslie E. & Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel : The potential contribution of Buddhism in developing an environmental ethic for the conservation of biodiversity in L.S. Hamilton (ed): Ethics, Religion and biodiversity. Relations between conservation and cultural values, 1993. Cambridge: The White Horse Press. pp. 75-97 (23 sider).
Stephens, Sharon : Chernobyl fallout: A Hard Rain for the Sami , 1987. Cultural Survival 11(2). pp.66-71 (6 sider).
Vayda, Andrew : Holisme and Individualisme in Ecologic Anthropology, 1986. Rewiews in Anthropology. Fall. pp.295-313 (18 sider).
Vayda, A.P. & B. Walters. : Against Political Ecology., 1999. Human Ecology 27(1). pp.167-180 (14 sider).
White, Lynn jr. : The historical roots of our ecological crisis, 1967. Science 155. pp. 1203-1207 (5 sider).